APPENDICES I AN EXPLANATORY NOTE ON ENROLMENT STATISTICS INCLUDED IN THE REPORT
(Prepared by Shri D. L. Sharma under the guidance of the Member- Secretary)
AI.01. The object of this Note is to explain the basis of compilation for the enrolment statistics included in this Report.
AI.02. The organization of the educational system, as visualised by the Education Commission, has been explained in detail in Chapter II. The manner in which the existing structure in the different States at the school stage is equated with this proposed structure, is shown below:
TABLE AI.1
EQUIVALENCE OF CLASSES I-X AT THE SCHOOL STAGE (1965-66)
X X XI X
IX IX X IX
VIII VIII IX VIII
VII VII VIII VII
VI VI VII VI
V V VI V
IV IV V IV
III III IV III
II II III II
I I II I
Pre- B I
Primary
Education A
As proposed by the Group A Group B Group C
Education Assam Andhra Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir
Commission Nagaland Bihar Kerala
NEFA Gujarat Madhya Pradesh
Madras Mysore
Maharashtra Punjab
Orissa Rajasthan
Dadra & Nagar Uttar Pradesh
Haveli West Bengal
Goa, Daman and A & N Islands
Diu Delhi
Pondicherry Himachal
Pradesh
L.M.A. Islands
Manipur
Tripura
A
(ii) EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Explanatory Note. (i) The chart given above shows the position in 1965-66. It has varied from time to time. In tabulating enrolment, the position as it was in the year concerned, has been adopted.
(ii) There is no public examination at the end of Class X in Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and A & N Islands. But the higher secondary examination in these areas, which is held at the end of Class XI, leads to the three-year degree course. We have, therefore, equated Class X in these areas with the class leading to the high school examination in other States.
AI.03. In the school stage ending with the high school, the total duration of schooling is 12 years in one group of States and Union Territories, 11 years in another group, and 10 years in the third group.
AI.04. The central point in this proposal is to treat the public examination at the end of the high school stage (which is Class X in some States and Class XI in others) as equivalent and to go downwards, equating each successive class in school education and also upwards, equating each successive year in higher education.
In the enrolment statistics given in the Report, the equation of school classes is as follows:
TABLE AI.2
Class in the Commission's Report Equated with
Pre-Primary Stage Infant A and B in Group
A, Class I in Group B
and Pre-Primary (not
shown in the chart) in 1
State.
Class
I Class I in Groups A & C
and Class II in Group B.
II Class II in Groups A & C
and Class III in Group B,
and so on.
X Class X in Groups A & C,
and Class XI in
Group B.
AI.05. The equivalence in higher education courses (arts and science)
has been shown in the chart given below.
TABLE AI.3
EQUIVALENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
(1965-66)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
III III A III III III
First II II II II II II
Degree I I I I I I
Higher XII II XII A A A
Secondary XI I XI XI XI/XII/ PUC
PUC
(iii)
APPENDIX I
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
As proposed Kerala U.P. Madhya Andhra Gujarat
by the (The first Pradesh Pradesh Madras
Education two years A & N Assam Nagaland
Commission belong to Islands Bihar Orissa
junior Delhi Jammu & Goa,
Kashmir Daman,
Colleges) Mahar- and Diu
ashtra Pondi-
cherry
Mysore
Punjab
Rajasthan
West Bengal
Himachal
Pradesh
Manipur
NEFA
Tripura
Explanatory Note
(i) Columns marked 'A' show the year to be added by 1986.
(ii) The chart given above shows the position in 1965- 66. It has varied from time to time. In tabulating enrolment, the position as it was in the year concerned has been adopted.
(iii) PUC=Pre-University Course.
AI.06. Pre-Primary Education. In our statistics, pre-primary education includes enrolments in the following three categories:
(1) Pre-Primary classes proper
(2) Infant A Class
(3) Infant B Class and Class I (where it corresponds to the Infant B Class).
AI.07. In each year of tabulation the corresponding enrolments in an the States and Union Territories which had the categories mentioned above have been aggregated together and given in Table AI.4
AI.08. General School Education. (Classes I-X). Enrolment in Classes I-X as aggregated by us, includes Classes II-XI in those States where the school stage is spread over 11 years and Classes I-X in all the other States. The retabulated enrolments are given in Table AI.5.
AI.09. Basis of Estimating Enrolments at the School Stage in 1965-66. The total enrolments at the school stage for 1965-66 were assumed to be the same as given by the Planning Commission. In breaking down these enrolments class by class, however, it was assumed that owing to the reduction of wastage and the increasing desire to stay longer at school the proportion of the enrolment in higher classes to the total enrolment at the school stage will be a little better in 1965-66 than in 1960-61. Table AI.6 shows the actual proportion of the enrolments in each class to the total enrolment at the school stage for the years 1950-51, 1955-56 and 1960-61 (on the new pattern of aggregation adopted by us). It also gives the assumptions made by us regarding this proportion for 1965-66.
AI.10. General School Education (Classes XI and XII). In tabulating enrolments in general school education in Classes XI and XII, the enrolments in the following categories were included:
(i) Class XI of the higher secondary schools in all the States which have adopted the higher secondary pattern.
(ii) The pre-university class.
(iii) Intermediate classes (1st and 2nd year) in U.P. except the second year in the Universities of Aligarh and Banaras which have adopted the three-year degree course.
(iv) The first year of the Intermediate class in all the other States which have now adopted the three-year degree course (the second year, where it existed, has been shown in the undergraduate stage).
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
TABLE AI.6
PROPORTION OF ENROLMENT IN EACH CLASS AT THE SCHOOL STAGE TO TOTAL
ENROLMENT
1965-66 1950-51 1955-56 1960-61
(estimated)
Class
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
% % % % % % % %
Pre-Primary 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6
A 3.9 3.6 2.0 2.5 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.3
B 15.4 25.7 18.2 25.8 15.9 21.4 14.5 19.0
I 21.5 24.1 21.3 24.1 20.6 22.9 20.0 21.8
II 15.3 15.4 14.0 14.6 14.1 14.9 13.8 14.5
III 12.1 11.3 10.9 10.5 11.4 11.3 10.8 11.5
IV 9.1 7.5 8.7 7.3 9.2 8.3 9.6 8.9
V 6.4 4.0 6.5 4.5 7.3 6.0 8.1 7.0
VI 5.0 3.0 5.4 3.4 5.9 4.4 6.4 5.2
VII 3.9 2.1 4.3 2.6 4.8 3.4 5.3 4.0
VIII 3.3 1.5 3.5 1.8 3.8 2.3 4.1 2.8
IX 2.2 0.9 2.8 1.4 3.0 1.6 3.3 1.9
X 1.8 0.7 2.2 1.0 2.5 1.2 2.8 1.5
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source. Ministry of Education, Form A of the States till 1960- 61. The figures for 1965-66 were estimated in the Secretariat of the Commission.
In short, we have shown the first year of the Intermediate class as a part of Classes XI and XII in all cases. Where the three-year degree course has been adopted, the second year has been shown in the undergraduate stage. Where the three-year degree course has not been adopted, both the years have been shown under classes XI and XII, the only exception to this being the city of Bombay for which no separate figures are available.
The Intermediate (Commerce) classes have been regarded as part of general education and the corresponding enrolment has been shown under Classes XI and XII.
The retabulated enrolments on these assumptions have been given in Table AI.7
AI.11. General Education (Undergraduate Stage). In our retabulation, the enrolments in general education at the undergraduate stage include the following:
(i) Enrolments in the second year of the Intermediate classes in all States which have now adopted the three- year degree course.
(ii) Enrolments in the First Degree Courses for Arts and Science.
(iii) Enrolments in the First Degree Courses for Commerce.
AI.12. General Education (Postgraduate and Research). There are no difficulties about the enrolments in general education at the postgraduate stage and research. These have been taken from the publications of the Ministry of Education and are given in Table AI.8 along with the enrolments at undergraduate stage.
Al. 13. Vocational Schools. The enrolment in vocational schools is of a mixed character. In some courses such as polytechnics, admission is given only to those who have completed the secondary school. In other courses such as teacher-training or in industrial training institutes, admission is given to those who have completed the secondary school as well as to those who have completed the primary school only. In some other courses such as arts and crafts (e.g. tailoring)
(vii)
APPENDIX I
the admission is mostly of those who have not completed the secondary school, although there are a few students who have done so. It is, therefore, necessary to make certain assumptions regarding the enrolment of students who have completed the secondary school and of those who have completed the primary school only. We make the following assumptions:
(i) Teacher Training. 20 per cent of the enrolment was regarded as not having completed the secondary school.
(ii) Arts and Crafts. All the enrolment was regarded as not having completed the secondary school.
In all other vocational courses, such as engineering and technology, medicine and veterinary science, agriculture and forestry, commerce, physical education, library science, co-operation, marine training, etc., the enrolment was regarded as being of the higher secondary stage or equivalent to Classes XI to XII. We realize that there is a small proportion of students in agriculture and medical schools who have not completed the secondary school. But we have assumed that this will be off-set by the enrolment of students who have completed the secondary school and joined courses of arts and crafts.
AI.14. The enrolments in vocational courses retabulated on these bases are given in Table AI.9
AI.15. Professional Education at the University Stage. In professional education at the university stage, we divided the enrolments into three parts:
(i) Enrolments corresponding to the higher secondary stage or Classes XI and XII;
(ii) Enrolments for the first degree or the undergraduate stage; and
(iii) Enrolments for the second degree or the postgraduate stage.
Enrolments corresponding to those at the higher secondary stage (Classes XI and XII)